1)中国建筑科学研究院，北京，100013；2)北京市建筑设计研究院，100045；3)北京大学力学与工程科学系，100871
［提要］提出了采用“数值模拟引导下的风洞试验”这一新方法来研究复杂建筑结构的风荷载问题，并以内蒙古博物馆与乌兰恰特大剧院工程为例，介绍了这种方法的实现过程及优点。通过在先进的数值模拟平台上建立适当的数值风洞模型，对建筑物在若干个主导风向角下的平均风荷载分布进行数值模拟仿真计算；参照计算结果，对结构的风压分布趋势作出科学的判断，找出最不利的风压分布区域，以对刚性模型测压风洞试验的测点布置方案进行优化，使试验能捕捉结构的最不利风荷载；最后将风洞试验结果与数值预测结果进行相互比较和验证，在此基础上给出静力风荷载的设计建议。工程应用表明，这种新方法指导的结构风荷载风洞试验研究更具有针对性，测点位置和数目得到优化而使试验方案更加合理，因此试验结果也更加可靠。
［关键词］建筑结构；风荷载；数值模拟；风洞试验
Numerical Simulation Guided Wind Tunnel Test Study for Wind Loads of Complex Buildings/Jin Xinyang1, Yang Wei1, Jin Hai1, Ma Tao2, Chen Kai3 (1 China Academy of Building Research, Beijing 100013, China; 2 Beijing Institute of Architectural Design, Beijing 100045, China; 3 Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Beijing University, Beijing 100871, China)
Abstract:A new method, i.e. the numerical simulation guided wind tunnel test, is proposed for researching the wind load distributions on complex buildings, and it is illustrated by  practical projects of Neimenggu Museum and Ulaan Tiyatr Grand Theatre. The mean pressure distributions in several main wind attacks were calculated through constructing appropriate CFD numerical models. By referring to the results of numerical predictions, the scheme of the subsequent wind tunnel test is optimized.The results between the wind tunnel test and the numerical predictions are compared and checked each other, and both of them were employed to determine the recommended wind loads for the designs of the main structures and the claddings. It is indicated that the combined numerical simulation guided wind tunnel test study would be more reasonable than the traditional wind tunnel test method.
Keywords:building structure; wind loads; numerical simulation; wind tunnel test