薛彦涛
（中国建筑科学研究院抗震所，北京100013）

[摘要] 砖混结构在汶川地震中大量破坏和倒塌，本文通过砖混结构的震害，分析砖混结构破坏和倒塌的主要原因有：地震烈度过大、建筑施工质量、结构构造措缺失、纵墙抗震承载力不足、断层等因素。在砖混结构设计中建议采取严控砖混结构层数、增加薄弱部位的构造柱设置、底框结构抗震墙建议采用钢筋混凝土抗震墙、改进预制楼板中圈梁的布置和配筋、学校砖混教学楼中的教室内大梁下应设置构造柱并增加构造配筋等措施。从砖混结构震害看，现行建筑抗震鉴定标准的抗震设防目标偏低。
[关键词] 汶川地震；砖混结构；底框结构；震害；破坏倒塌；圈梁；构造柱

Analysis and Design Improvements for Damages of Masonry Structure from the Wenchuan Earthquake
Xue Yantao
( China Academy of Building Research,  Beijing 100013,  China)

Abstract: There are many masonry structures damaged or collapsed in the wenchuan earthquake. In this paper, the main reasons of the earthquake damage and collapsed of masonry structures are analyzed, which are the large earthquake intensity, the construction quality, the lack of the constructional measures, the lower strength of longitudinal wall, faults, etc. Therefore, it is suggested in masonry structure design that the height of masonry structure should be controlled, the constructional column should be set to protect the weak parts of structure, the the brick wall should be replaced by concrete wall in frarue - shear wall in the first story, the ring beam and its reinforcement should be improved in the precast slab floor, the beam in the classroom of schools shall be supported by constructional column and the reinforcement should be increased. The seismic fortification objective of current "Building aseismic appraisal g standards" is too low to protect the life of people and must be raised to the no collapse of building during the rarely earthquake.
Keywords: Wenchuan 5.12 earthquake;  Masonry structure;  the brick structure with frame - shear wall in the first story; Seismic damage and collapse; Constructional column and ring beam