程鉴基
    (广东省建筑科学研究院，广州510500)

[摘要]  广州市地面塌陷频繁发生，近20年来呈波浪式上升趋势，主要分为岩溶地面塌陷和工程地面塌陷两种。具有点多面广、灾害点个体规模小、稳定性差、活动频繁、危害严重、地质灾害发育呈明显的地域性以及季节性发育与分布特点。岩溶地面塌陷主要分布在广花盆地的花都区、白云区，工程地面塌陷主要分布在主城区。地面塌陷形成条件复杂，是多种因素相互作用的结果。地层岩性是其形成的内在要素，在一定程度上决定着地质灾害的发育程度与类型。人为因素和强降雨是地面塌陷的主要诱发因素。岩溶地面塌陷主要是由于过量抽取地下水或矿山疏干排水、地下采空、暴雨激发所引起；工程地面塌陷主要是人类经济工程行为所致，主要包括排水疏干与突水（突泥）作用、人工加载、人工振捣、人工振动、人工开挖、基坑、桩基、地表渗水、坑道、过街隧道、地铁等地下工程结构掘进等。对地面塌陷的防治应采用点面结合综合治理的方法。
[关键词] 地面塌陷；时空分布；诱发因素；防治对策
中图分类号：TU421    文献标识码：A    文章编号：1002-848X(2011) S2-0443-06

Preliminary study on characteristics of ground collapse and countermeasures in Guangzhou
Cheng Jianji
( Guangdong Provincial Academy of Building Research,  Guangzhou 510500,  China)

Abstract: Ground collapse frequently occurrs in Guangzhou in the last 20 years, and it is divided into two main types, which are karst collapse and engineering surface collapse. The collapse has characteristics of widely distribution, small-scale, poor stability, activity frequency, serious harm and development of regional and seasonal. Karst ground collapse is mainly distributed in the Huadu and Baiyun District of Guanghua Basin. Engineering surface collapse is mainly distributed in the main urban areas. Ground collapse forms complex conditions, which is the result of the interaction of several factors. Lithology is the intemal of ground collapse, which determines the degree of geological disasters and type of development to some extent. Human factors and heavy rainfall are the main predisposing factor of ground collapse. Karst land collapse is mainly due to excessive pumping of groundwater or mine water drainage, underground nuned, and heavy rains. Engineering ground collapse is mainly caused by human economic behavior works, including dewatering and drainage, manual loading, manual vibrator, artificial vibration, artificial excavation, foundation, pile foundation, surface water seepage, tunnel, subway and underground excavation engineering structures, and so on. In order to prevent and control ground collapse, comprehensive approach should be adopted, combining main points with all aspects.
Keywords: ground collapse; spatial and temporal distribution; predisposing factors; control measures