姚攀峰
    （奥雅纳工程咨询（上海）有限公司北京分公司，北京 100020）

[摘要] 近数十年来很多6度、7度地震区发生了超高设防大震烈度的巨震，房屋结构如何满足逃生人员的安全目标有着重要现实意义。通过分析不同房屋结构的震害，阐述了“小震，（整体结构）不坏；中震，（整体结构）可修，大震，（整体结构）不倒；巨震，（避难单元）不倒”的抗震概念，给出了地震避难单元布置的基本原则，提出了通过“小震、中震、大震、巨震”多阶段的结构验算实现上述抗震性能，即“4水准，多阶段”的抗震设计方法，阐述了地震避难单元的应用范围，并初步探讨了实现房屋结构抗巨震的计算方法。
[关键词] 地震；巨震；房屋震害；避难单元；抗震设计；计算方法
中图分类号：TU312.3  文献标识码：A  文章编号：1002-848X(2011) Sl-0277-05

Research on application and realization of building structure under massive earthquake
    Yao Panfeng
    ( Arup Intemational Consultants( Shanghai)  Co.,  Ltd.,  Beijing Branch,  Beijing 100020,  China)

Abstract: There are many areas, which local fortification intensities are from 6 t0 7 degree, have been experienced massive earthquake whose degrees are much greater than the local rarely earthquake intensity expected by code(major earthquake). So it is very important that the research on how to keep the Hulding structures meet the safety targets for the people survive in earthquake. Through analyzing the seismic damages of different building structures, this paper explains the anti-seismic concepts which is "VVhen the place is subject to frequently earthquake influence( nunor earthquake), the buildings will not damage or slightly damage with continue serviceable without repair; When the place is subject to local fortification intensity earthquake influence( moderate earthquake), the buildings will damage with continue serviceable after ordinary repair or without repair; When the place is subject to rarely earthquake influence which intensity is expected as the local fortification intensity( major earthquake), the buildings will not collapse nor suffer damage that endanger human lives; When the place is subject to extremely rarely earthquake influence wluch intensity is major than the local fortification intensity( massive earthquake), the reinforcement concrete tube( key units, or refuge units)  will not collapse nor suffer damage that endanger human lives.". This paper presents the basic principles of designs for refuge units, and suggests the design performances in rmnor earthquake, moderate earthquake, major efuthquake, and massive earthquake and the design methods to realize them, which can be called "four standards, multiple stages" seismic design method. The paper also explores the application scope of seisnuc refuges units, and discusses the calculation method of how to realize earthquake resistance of building structure under massive earthquake.
Keywords: earthquake; massive earthquake; seismic damages of building; refuges units; key units; seisnuc design; calculation method