[提要]  基坑支护结构全过程内力和变形分析的杆系有限元计算方法由于能模拟施工过程而在支护结构设计中广泛应用，但通过分析发现，从土压力分布的角度来说，目前所采用的梯形土压力分布模式只能用于无限均布地面荷载作用下的均质土基坑。本文对于有限地面荷载作用下的多层土基坑提出了合理的土压力计算方法，并与梯形土压力分布模式进行了对比。
[关键词]  基坑支护 土压力分布 多层土

Being able to simulate properly the sequence of construction of excavation, the finite element method based on the beam-column theory is becoming increasingly popular. But, adopting trapezoid soil pressure diagram makes the method just accurate in analyzing single layer soil excavation with infinite uniform surcharge. A new method of calculating soil pressure diagram for multi-layered soil excavation with finite surcharge is presented and the results are compared with those of the trapezoid soil pressure diagram.
Keywords: retaining structure;soil pressure diagram; multi-layered soil