张元坤  李盛勇
（广东省建筑设计研究院  广州 510010）

[提要]  结构设计中不仅必须重视属于结构外部因素的“力”，而且要牢牢地掌握及控制好属于结构内部因素的“刚度”。前者所涉及的力的平衡、结构或构件变形的协调以及由此而产生的构件内力都是通过后者所包含的绝对刚度、线刚度及相连构件之间的相对刚度来体现的。通过举例，叙述并分析刚度理论在整体结构及单一构件中的体现，从中折射出刚度理论在结构设计中所起的重要作用，有助于结构设计人员对刚度理论有。个清醒的认识和清晰的概念，并在具体的结构设计中科学地运用，避免结构产生不安全因素，以达到结构受力合理且能获得最佳经济效益的目的。
[关键词]  结构设计  力  刚度  绝对刚度  相对刚度  概念设计

In the structural design, the factors, which need to be concerned and controlled well, include not only the external forces, but also the internal rigidity. The former factors, such as the equilibrium of forces, the deformation of structures as well as the internal stresses, are all mainly lied on the later factors, including absolute rigidity,linear rigidity and relative rigidity between members. Some examples are given to present the theory of rigidity and analyze its application in members and structures to reflect the theory's importance in the structural design. It will also help the designers establish clear and correct concepts, apply them efficiently at work, avoid any unsafe factors in structures, at last achieve rational structures and best economic effects.
Keywords: structural design; force; rigidity; absolute rigidity; relative rigidity