（1 上海市建筑科学研究院有限公司，  上海 200032； 2 上海市工程结构安全重点实验室， 上海 200032）

［摘要］上海近代混凝土公共建筑当初的设计方法尚不成熟，与现行标准相比，其原始设计、材料质量和建造工艺通常存在缺陷。通过对比上海近代及现代混凝土结构公共建筑材料及设计理念差异，得到如下结论：上海近代混凝土公共建筑的混凝土强度等级基本介于C10～C20之间，强度普遍偏低；上海近代混凝土公共建筑采用容许应力法进行设计，混凝土和钢筋安全系数具有一定的安全冗余度，但是安全系数是经验值，缺乏严格的科学依据；上海近代混凝土公共建筑采用的楼面活荷载取值普遍偏大，屋面荷载与现行标准有差异，恒载按照实际荷载计算，但是均未考虑荷载分项系数；上海近代混凝土公共建筑梁正截面承载力、梁斜截面承载力、柱轴压承载力和板承载力计算方式均与现行标准有差异；上海近代混凝土公共建筑梁柱及节点未考虑抗震构造设计，普遍达不到现行抗震设计标准的要求。

［关键词］上海近代混凝土公共建筑；既有建筑；容许应力法；混凝土构件；抗震构造设计

中图分类号：TU375文献标识码：A文章编号：1002-848X(2021)07-0121-07

Comparative study on original structural design concepts and current standards of modern concrete public buildings in Shanghai

BAI Xue1,2

(1 Shanghai Research Institute of Building Sciences Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200032, China; 2 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Engineering Structure Safety, Shanghai 200032, China)

Abstract:The original design methods of modern concrete public buildings in Shanghai were not yet mature. Compared with the current standards, their original design, material quality and construction techniques usually have defects. By comparing the materials and design concepts of modern public buildings with current concrete structures in Shanghai, the following conclusions were drawn. The concrete strength grades of modern concrete public buildings in Shanghai were basically between C10～C20, and the strength is generally low. Modern concrete public buildings in Shanghai were designed by the allowable stress method, and the safety factors of concrete and steel bars have a certain degree of safety redundancy, but the safety factors are empirical values and lack strict scientific basis. The floor live load value adopted by modern concrete public buildings in Shanghai is generally too large. The roof load is different from the current standard. The dead load is calculated according to the actual load. The load factor is not considered in these cases. The calculation methods of beam normal section bearing capacity, beam oblique section bearing capacity, column axial compression bearing capacity and slab bearing capacity of  modern concrete public buildings in Shanghai are different from the current standards. The design of beams, columns and joints of modern concrete public buildings in Shanghai does not consider the seismic structural design, and generally does not meet the requirements of the current seismic design standards.

Keywords:modern concrete public buildings in Shanghai;existing building;allowable stress method;concrete member;seismic structural design

*上海市科学技术委员会科研项目（19DZ1202400），上海市建筑科学研究院集团科研创新课题（KY10000038-20190003）。

作者简介：白雪，博士，工程师，Email: 466060242@qq.com。