（1 上海市建筑科学研究院有限公司， 上海 200032； 2 上海市工程结构安全重点实验室， 上海 200032）

［摘要］上海近代砖木结构房屋是中西建筑形式和生活方式相互交融的典型，但砖木结构房屋往往缺乏有效维护，老房子耐久性、安全性和使用性问题突出。基于上海近代砖木结构房屋设计资料及大量房屋检测结果，统计上海近代砖木结构房屋典型结构特征，得到如下结论：上海近代砖木结构房屋以民用建筑为主，少数为公共建筑、工业建筑和特殊建筑，房屋层数多数为二层和三层；1920—1940年是上海地产业最兴旺的时期，但至新中国成立前期，新建建筑数量大为减少；大部分房屋砖强度等级可以达到MU10和MU7.5，砂浆强度推定值介于1.4～1.9MPa之间，混凝土强度等级介于C10～C20之间，钢筋强度等级达到HPB235；绝大多数砖木结构房屋采用瓦屋面，个别采用金属屋面和油毛毡屋面，多数房屋外墙采用水泥拉毛墙面和清水墙面；大部分房屋墙体和楼屋面存在渗水情况或存在水渍，一半以上房屋存在木构件开裂和墙体开裂情况，木构件腐朽或虫蛀、钢筋锈胀、砖墙风化也较为普遍，部分房屋存在改建加建情况。

［关键词］砖木结构；既有结构；统计分析；构造做法

中图分类号：TU362文献标识码：A文章编号：1002-848X(2021)06-0092-07

Statistics and analysis of typical structural characteristics of modern brick and wood structure houses in Shanghai

BAI Xue1,2

(1 Shanghai Research Institute of Building Sciences Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200032, China; 2 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Engineering Structure Safety, Shanghai 200032, China)

Abstract:The modern brick and wood structure houses in Shanghai are typical of the integration of Chinese and Western architectural forms and life styles. However, the brick and wood structure houses are often lack of effective maintenance, and the durability, safety and usability of the old houses are prominent. Based on the design data of modern brick and wood structure house in Shanghai and the test results of a large number of house, statistics of the typical  structural characteristics of modern brick and wood structure houses in Shanghai were made, and the following conclusions were obtained: brick and wood structure houses in Shanghai are mainly civil buildings, and a few are public buildings, industrial buildings and special buildings, and most  buildings are two and three stories. The period from 1920 to 1940 was the most prosperous period of Shanghai′s real estate industry, but the number of new buildings was greatly reduced until the early days of the founding of the People′s Republic of China. Most  brick strength grades of the houses could reach MU10 and MU7.5, the mortar strength value was between 1.4 and 1.9MPa, the strength of concrete was between C10 and C20, and the strength of reinforcement was up to HPB235. Most brick and wood structure houses use tile roofs, some use metal roofs and linoleum felt roofs, and most houses adopt rough cement walls and clear water walls. Most  houses have water seepage or water stains on the walls and roofs. More than half of the houses have cracks on the wood components and walls, wood components are rotten or moth eaten, steel bars are rusted and brick walls are weathered. Some houses have reconstruction and added construction.

Keywords:brick and wood structure;existing structure;statistical analysis;structural method

*上海市科学技术委员会科研项目（19DZ1202400），上海市建筑科学研究院集团科研创新课题（KY10000038-20190003）。

作者简介：白雪，博士，工程师，Email: 466060242@qq.com。