（1 黑龙江大学水利电力学院， 哈尔滨 150086； 2 黑龙江大学建筑工程学院， 哈尔滨 150086）

［摘要］不均匀分布雪荷载是大跨度屋盖重要设计荷载，雪密度特性对雪荷载产生直接影响。实测基于HOBO小型气象站和Snow Fork雪特性分析仪获得屋面风速、风向、雪密度等数据，详细考察积雪厚度、温度、太阳辐射、沉积时间等因素对雪密度的影响规律，并将实测雪密度数据与ISO 4355-2013规范中美国、日本、俄罗斯三国屋面雪密度公式计算值进行对比。结果表明，在积雪不稳定期，积雪厚度增加、温度升高、太阳辐射的增长都会导致雪密度增大；处于积雪稳定期时，雪密度与沉积时间为连续性分布，并可通过最小二乘法拟合线性公式；ISO 4355-2013规范中俄罗斯雪密度公式考虑的变量参数对实测屋盖有实际参考意义，美国、日本雪密度公式计算值与实测值相差较大。

［关键词］雪密度； 影响规律； 最小二乘法； ISO 4355-2013

中图分类号：TU973-213文献标识码：A文章编号：1002-848X(2019)23-0050-05

Measurement and comparative analysis of snow density characteristics for typical flat roof

Zhao Jie1, Li Fanghui2, Tang Hao2

(1 College of Water Conservancy and Electricity, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150086, China;2 College of Civil Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150086, China)

Abstract:The unevenly distributed snow load is an important design load for large-span roofs, and the characteristics of snow density have a direct impact on snow load. Based on the data of wind speed, wind directions and snow density on the roof obtained by HOBO meteorological station and Snow Fork snow load characteristic analyzer, the effects that snow thickness, temperature, solar radiation and deposition time brought on snow density were studied. The measured snow density data were compared with calculated values of the snow density formulas of United States, Japan and Russia in ISO 4355-2013 standard. The results show that in unstable period of snow cover, snow density increases with the snow thickness increase, temperature rise and solar radiation increase. In the stable period of snow cover, the snow density and deposition time are in continuous distribution, and the linear formula can be fitted by the least square method. The variable parameters considered in the Russian snow density formula in ISO 4355-2013 standard have practical reference significance to the measured roof, and calculated values of  the snow density formulas in  United States and Japan are different from the measured values.

Keywords:snow density; influence rule; least square method; ISO 4355-2013

*国家自然科学基金面上项目(51478359，51778492)，国家重点研发计划“智能型临时支撑安全技术与装置研究及示范”(2016YFC0802004)。

通讯作者：李方慧，博士，教授，硕士生导师，Email: lfh_2000@sina.com。