（1 故宫博物院， 北京 100009； 2 中国地震局工程力学研究所， 哈尔滨 150080）

［摘要］针对我国古代城门砖拱券承载能力评估的问题，以故宫西华门的砖拱券为例，建立“拱券-夯土-侧墙”平面有限元模型进行非线性分析，研究附加荷载下拱券的内力与变形情况，评估拱券的安全性能；并与传统桥涵计算方法——弹性中心法进行分析对比，验证了两方法的实用性和有效性。结果表明，西华门砖拱券具有较大的安全储备，附加荷载情况下结构安全。由于有限元法考虑了砖拱券与周围土体的工作协同作用，其计算结果更趋合理；而弹性中心法计算相对简单，所得的结果偏于保守，更适用于砖拱券结构性能的快速评估。

［关键词］砖拱券； 承载能力； 有限元法； 弹性中心法

中图分类号：TU362文献标识码：A文章编号：1002-848X(2016)15-0098-04

Structural analysis of the brick arches of Xihua Men in the Forbidden City

Zhao Shoujiang1, Dai Junwu2

（1 Palace Museum， Beijing 100009， China；2 Institute of Engineering Mechanics， China Earthquake Administration， Harbin 150080， China）

Abstract:In view of the evaluation methods of bearing capacity of China′s ancient brick arches, combined with example of brick arches of Xihua Men in the Forbidden City, a 2D finite element model including “arch-rammed earth-side wall” was built to carry out non-linear analysis to study the internal force and deformation of the arch under attached loads and the safety performance of the arch was evaluated. The finite element analysis method was compared with the elasticity center method which was the traditional calculation method for bridge and culvert, and the practicability and validity of the two methods were verified. The results show that the brick arches of Xihua Men have large safety reserve and are safe under attached loads. The finite element analysis method considers the work collaboration effect of brick arches and the surrounding soil, the calculation result is more reasonable. Elastic center method is relatively simple, and the result is partially conservative, so it′s more suitable for a rapid assessment of the structural performance of brick arch.

Keywords:brick arch; bearing capacity; finite element method; elastic center method

作者简介：赵守江，硕士，助理馆员，Email：zsj1987210@126.com。