玉树4.14地震建筑结构震害调查与分析
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(中国建筑科学研究院国家建筑工程质量监督检验中心，北京 100013)［摘要］为进一步明确玉树地区房屋在地震中的倒塌破坏情况，进而指导抗震设计，在建筑结构震害现场调查的基础上，将该地区地震中损毁倒塌的房屋分为五个部分，即砌体结构、框架砌体混合结构、框架结构、木结构和农民自建房，对每部分房屋的倒塌破损情况进行了实例阐述，给出了建筑震害的初步原因；实例分析表明，建筑结构的抗地震倒塌能力是地震区抗震防灾能力的最重要组成部分之一；贯彻和完善现行抗震设计理念与方法，加强村镇房屋抗震管理迫在眉睫，基于性能的抗震设计方法在可靠度理论和 “投资效益”准则下可以实现结构安全和经济利益的最优化，能够起到预防建筑结构地震倒塌破坏的作用。［关键词］玉树地震；建筑震害；基于性能；抗震设计Investigation and analysis of building structure damage in Yushu EarthquakeWang Cheng(National Center for Quality Supervision and Test of Building Engineering,China Academy of Building Research，Beijing 100013，China)Abstract:In order to find the result of building damage of 4·14 Yushu earthquake and guide seismic design, five damage structural forms including masonry structure, frame-masonry structure, frame structure, timber structure and rural house, were brought out based on field survey of Yushu building damage. The damage result of all parts of building was brought forth and the damage reason was preliminarily concluded. The analysis shows that the earthquake resistance capability of building is one of the important parts of protecting against and mitigating disasters in earthquake area. It is important to carry out and improve idea and method of current seismic design. Enhancing seismic design supervision of village and small town building is also urgent. The performance-based seismic design would bring on the optimization of structural safety and economic advantage based on the reliability theory and cost-effectiveness criterion, which also can prevent or mitigate building damage resulted from earthquake.Keywords:Yushu earthquake; building damage; performance-based; seismic design作者简介：王成，高级工程师，Email:cwang@126.com。参考文献［1］建筑系统房屋应急评估专家组. 关于玉树4·14大地震房屋建筑破坏情况的报告［R］.玉树，2010.［2］GB50011—2001建筑抗震设计规范［S］.北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2001.［3］王亚勇.汶川地震建筑震害启示——三水准设防和抗震设计基本要求［J］.建筑结构学报, 2008, 29(4): 26-33.［4］李碧雄,谢和平,邓建辉,等.汶川地震中房屋建筑震害特征及抗震设计思考［J］.防灾减灾工程学报, 2009, 29(2): 224-230.［5］缪小龙.四川农房抗震设计分析与建设［J］. 四川建筑科学研究, 2009, 35(4): 157-159.［6］中华人民共和国防震减灾法［S］.北京: 中国法制出版社, 2009.［7］韩丽霞,金德保,莫庸.钢筋混凝土多层框架柱震害初步分析［J］. 工程抗震与加固改造,2008, 30(4):41-44.［8］谢礼立，马玉红，翟长海. 基于性态的抗震设防与设计地震动［M］. 北京：科学出版社，2009.［9］GHOBARAH A. Performance-based design in earthquake engineering: State of development ［J］. Engineering Structures,2001, 23(8):878-884.［10］李刚，程耿东. 基于性能的结构抗震设计：理论、方法与应用 ［M］. 北京：科学出版社，2004.
［11］GHANDLER A M, LAM NELSON T K. Performancebased design in earth
