自平衡试验测试桩基竖向承载力现状分析*
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（1 四川农业大学土木工程学院， 都江堰 611830； 2 村镇建设防灾减灾四川省高等学校工程研究中心， 都江堰 611830； 3 四川省建筑设计院， 成都 610017)
［摘要］通过自平衡试验，统计分析大量历史文献，研究表明：在现有技术情况下，若选择大吨位及超长桩基作为试验桩，传统堆载和锚桩提供反力的静载试验难以测定桩基的竖向承载力，而在可靠的试验条件下，理论和实践均表明自平衡试验具有优越性，值得推广；但若选择工程桩作为试验桩，目前因自平衡试验存在平衡点位置问题、断桩问题、组合千斤顶问题等仍没有从理论上和实践上得到完善，工程桩静载试验要慎用或不用自平衡试验，应选择其他稳定可靠的方法。［关键词］平衡点; 断桩; 组合千斤顶; 竖向承载力; 自平衡试验; 现状分析中图分类号：TU352.1 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1002-848X(2015)21-0079-06
Current situation analysis on vertical bearing capacity of pile foundation measured by self-balanced testHuang Xianbin1,2,3, Hou Song 1,2, Pu Hong1, Wang Zhaoling1,2（1 College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Dujiangyan 611830, China; 2 Sichuan Higher Education Engineering Research Center for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Village Construction, Dujiangyan 611830, China; 3 Architectural Design Institute of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610017, China）Abstract: Through the self-balanced test and the statistical analysis of a large number of historical documents, study shows that under the condition of existingtechnology, it is difficult to determine vertical bearing capacity of the pile foundation through static load test in which traditional stack and anchor piles provide reversed forces, if the large tonnage and super-long pile foundation is selected as test pile. Under reliable experimental conditions, self-balanced test has an advantage, which is approved in both of theory and practice and is worth of promoting. However, when engineering pile is chosen as the test pile, considering that the current self-balanced test has problems in equilibrium, broken pile and combined-jack which are still need to be perfected in theory and in practice at present, the static load test with engineering pile should be used with caution and self-balanced test can be excluded, while other stabilized and reliable methods can be adopted.Keywords: equilibrium; broken pile; composite jack; vertical bearing capacity; self-balanced test; current situation analysis
*村镇建设防灾减灾四川省高等学校工程研究中心资助项目（CDPMV1403），国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目（51508358）。作者简介：黄显彬，硕士生导师，副教授，Email:936846627@qq.com。
