开洞高层建筑风压分布特性试验研究*
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(1 湖南科技大学土木工程学院，湘潭 411201； 2 湖南大学建筑安全与节能教育部重点实验室，长沙 410082； 3 香港城市大学建筑学及土木工程学系，香港 999077)
［摘要］对开洞高层建筑刚性模型进行了风洞测压试验。基于试验结果，分析了立面和洞口表面的风压分布规律，研究了洞口表面脉动风压的功率谱。结果表明：当洞口轴线方向与来流方向一致时，迎风面洞口附近区域的平均风压系数总体上比立面不开洞时减小，少数测点的平均风压系数增大，脉动风压系数变化较小；背风面平均风压系数总体上比立面不开洞时减小，但洞口附近局部平均风压系数增大可达40%，脉动风压系数的变化规律与平均风压系数类似；侧风面平均风压系数和脉动风压系数比立面不开洞时均有不同程度的减小；洞口内部为负风压，脉动风压的功率谱与一般高层建筑侧风面气流分离区域脉动风压的功率谱有明显差异。最后，给出了设置两个洞口时，立面极值风压系数的影响系数以及洞口表面极值风压系数的分布图。［关键词］开洞高层建筑; 风洞试验; 风压分布中图分类号：TU312+.1，TU973 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1002-848X(2015)13-0079-07
Experimental study on wind pressure distribution characteristics of the tall building with openingsLi Yonggui1, Li Qiusheng2,3（1 School of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China; 2 Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; 3 Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering，City University of Hong Kong, Hongkong 999077, China）Abstract: Wind pressure measurements of the tall building rigid models with openings were carried out in a wind tunnel. Based on the test results, the wind pressure distribution laws of the building facade and the opening surface were investigated as well as the power spectral densities of the fluctuating pressures on the opening surface. The results indicate that when the direction of the opening axis is consistent to the flow direction,the mean wind pressure coefficients on the windward faces near the openings is smaller than those on the facade without openings, although the mean wind pressure coefficients on few points increase. Meanwhile, the fluctuating wind pressure coefficients change little. On the leeward faces, compared with the facade without openings, the mean wind pressure coefficients is smaller as a whole, while those near the openings increase by up to 40%. The variation law of the fluctuating wind pressure coefficients is similar to that of the mean wind pressure coefficients. The mean and fluctuating wind pressure coefficients on the side faces are smaller with varying degrees than those on the facade without openings. The mean wind pressures on the opening surfaces are generally negative, and the power spectral densities of the fluctuating wind pressures on the openings surfaces are obviously different to those on flow separation regions of general tall building side faces. For the case of two openings in the tall building, contours of the influence coefficients for peak wind pressure coefficient on the facade and peak wind pressure coefficients on the opening surfaces were given.Keywords:tall building with opening; wind tunnel test; wind pressure distribution
*国家自然科学基金（51178179），湖南省自然科学基金（14JJ6026）。作者简介：李永贵，博士，讲师，Email：lyg313@126.com。
