(中国建筑科学研究院，北京 100013)
［摘要］通过对汶川地震中教学楼倒塌的调查分析，指出结构的整体稳固性差、传力体系单薄、缺乏冗余约束和备用传力途径、连接-造措施缺失且多不符合规范和标准图的要求，致使在强震作用下构件解体，结构倒塌。鉴于问题的普遍性，应尽快开展教学楼结构安全普查，并通过再设计改建加固。并反思了结构的安全层次，提出了结构抗倒塌设计以及既有结构再设计的概念，对今后结构科研方向的调整及标准规范的作用提出了建议。
［关键词］村镇教学楼；震害分析；倒塌；反思；普查
Lessons from Wenchuan seismic damage:introspection on the collapse of classroom buildings
Xu Youlin(China Academy of Building Research, Beijing 100013, China)
Abstract:Based on the analysis of the collapse of the classroom buildings in Wenchuan Earthquake, it can be seen that the structural overall stability is poor, the transferring system is weak, and the redundant constraint and the spare force conducting way are lack. Moreover, the deficiency of the connection-onstruction measures does not follow the requirements of Code and GJBT. For the above-entioned reasons, under the action of the strong shock, the unit construction disjointed and structural collapsed ultimately. Given the universality of the problems, the safety survey about classroom buildings is imminent, and the alteration and the fortification through redesign also should be carried out. Due to the self-xamination about safety layers of structure, the concepts of the design methods for preventing progressive collapse and the established structure redesign are put forward. Furthermore, the adjustment of the future research directions and the effect of standard specification are advised.
Keywords:classroom buildings of village and small town; seismic damage investigation; collapse; introspection; general survey
作者简介：徐有邻，博士，研究员,Email:xuyoulin@cabrtech.com。
参考文献
［1］徐有邻. 汶川地震震害调查及对建筑结构安全的反思［M］.北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2009.