(华南理工大学建筑设计研究院，广州 510641)
［摘要］2010年上海世博会中国馆的国家馆造型独特，其底部架空，展区部分层叠出挑，呈四棱台斗冠状。屋面由混凝土筒体出挑34.75m，不但使得竖向质量分布不均匀，还使得楼盖的转动惯量大，导致结构的扭转周期成为第一周期。介绍了国家馆的结构体系、结构布置、结构分析以及主要的构造加强措施。利用楼、电梯间设置四个落地的混凝土筒体作为承重和抗侧力结构，利用建筑的倒梯形造型设置斜柱来支承楼盖大跨度钢梁，在确保结构安全的前提下，最大限度地满足了建筑使用功能的要求。分析了扭转周期为第一自振周期对结构的影响以及底部挑空对结构竖向侧向刚度分布的影响。详细的计算分析及模拟振动台试验结果表明,虽然扭转周期为第一周期，但结构的扭转反应并不严重，对结构的抗震性能影响不大,结构具有良好的抗震性能，可达到预定的抗震性能目标。
［关键词］斜柱；组合梁；扭转振型；侧移刚度；抗震性能；竖向振动；舒适度
Structural research and design for the China National Pavilion at the World Expo Shanghai
Fang Xiaodan, Wei Hong, Chen Fuxi, Xu Mingxin, Zhou Hanxiang(Architectural Design and Research Institute South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China)
Abstract:The style of the China National Pavilion at the World Expo Shanghai 2010 is unique. It is a fly-over structure like an inverse quadrangular frustum pyramid crown, which is with spreading layer upon layer at the exhibition hall. As the roof extends 34.75m from the concrete tube, the vertical mass distribution is not regular, the floor inertia moment is great, and the first period of the structure is a torsional period. It introduces the structural system, disposal, analysis and the primary construction measures of the China National Pavilion. 4 grounded concrete tubes which hold the staircases and elevator halls are used as the vertical and horizontal load resisting structure. The slant columns are set utilizing the inverse trapezoidal shape of the building to support the large-span steel girder of the floor. In the premise of ensuring the structure safety, the building service function is best satisfied. The influence of the fly-over style and which the first period is a torsional period to the structure are analyzed. The results of the detailed calculation analysis and shaking-table test show that although the first period is a torsional period, the structure torsional reaction is not so large, and the influence to the structural earthquake-resistant capability is small. Therefore, the earthquake-resistant capability of the structure is good and the expected earthquake-resistant capability goal can be achieved.
Keywords:slant column；composite beam；torsion mode；lateral stiffness；aseismic capability；vertical vibration；comfortableness
作者简介：
方小丹(1951-)，男，一级注册结构工程师，注册土木工程师(岩土)，教授级高级工程师，Email: xdfang@scut.edu.cn。
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