基于刚度相似的模型动力试验研究*
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（湖南大学土木工程学院， 长沙 410082）［摘要］在模型动力试验的基础上，对刚度相似进行了理论分析。选取同材料不同规格的三个钢管，做成刚度相近的三个模型，对模型做牵引释放试验，分别测量上部质量块的加速度、速度和位移。在钢管底部侧边粘贴竖向应变片测量底部的竖向动应变。模型的动力、应变衰减曲线表现良好，同时加速度、速度衰减曲线具有较好的相似性；相同力牵引释放下，刚度大的模型的加速度、速度和位移小。试验证明：在弹性范围内，模型间的加速度与速度基本符合刚度比的倒数关系，垂直于重力方向的动力模型试验可采用刚度相似模型进行，误差在5%以内。［关键词］牵引释放; 相似关系; 动力试验; 刚度相似比中图分类号：TU311.3, TU317+1 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1002-848X(2014)19-0072-03Research on model dynamic tests based on stiffness similarityJiang Lin, Shang Shouping, Wen Xuezhang, Gan Yicheng(Civil Engineering College, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China)Abstract: On the basis of the model dynamic tests, the stiffness similarity was analyzed in theory. Three steel tubes in similar material but different specifications were selected to make three models with the similar stiffness similarity. Traction and release tests of the models were carried out and the acceleration, velocity and displacement of the upper mass were measured. A vertical strain gauge was stuck at the bottom of the steel tube to measure the vertical dynamic strain of the bottom. The dynamic attenuation curves and strain attenuation curves performed well. The attenuation curves of acceleration and velocity showed a good similarity. Under the same traction and release forces, the acceleration, velocity and displacement were smaller for the model with bigger stiffness. The tests prove that the acceleration and velocity of models at the elastic stage are in line with the reciprocal relationship of stiffness ratio. Dynamic model test perpendicular to the direction of gravity can adopt stiffness similarity model, and the error is within 5%.Keywords:traction and release; similarity relation; dynamic test; similarity ratio of stiffness*国家十二五科技支撑计划项目（2011BAJ08B02）。作者简介：蒋林，硕士研究生，Email：jianglin@hnu.edu.cn。参考文献［1］吕西林,沈德建.不同比例钢-混凝土混合结构高层建筑动力相似关系试验研究［J］. 地震工程与工程振动,2008,28(4):50-57.［2］宋二祥,武思宇,王宗纲.地基-结构系统振动台模型试验中相似比的实现问题探讨［J］.土木工程学报,2008,41(10):87-92.［3］吕西林,陈跃庆.结构-地基相互作用体系的动力相似关系研究［J］. 地震工程与工程振动,2001,21(3):85-92.［4］李国强,周向明,丁翔.高层建筑钢-混凝土混合结构模型模拟地震振动台试验研究［J］. 建筑结构学报,2001,22(4):2-6.［5］武敏刚,吕西林.混合结构振动台模型试验研究与计算分析［J］. 地震工程与工程振动,2004,24(6):103-108.［6］LU Y, VINTZILEOU E, ZHANG G F, et al. Reinforced concrete scaled columns under cyclic actions［J］. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 1999(18):151-167.［7］项贻强, 吴孙尧, 段元锋. 基于刚度相似原理的斜拉桥模型设计方法［J］. 实验力学,2010,25(4):438-443.［8］克拉夫 R，彭津 J. 结构动力学［M］. 王光远，译.北京：人民交通出版社,1996.
