哈利法塔结构性能和响应的验证:足尺结构健康监测方案
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（三星C&T公司高层及复杂建筑部，首尔）［摘要］新一代的复杂高层建筑反映了社会在材料、设计、可持续性、施工和IT技术等领域的最新发展。虽然这些复杂的设计可以通过日益进步的结构分析工具和软件来完成，但是最终还要满足规范的最低要求，而规范对于足尺结构相关规定的正确性还有待验证。笔者从方案阶段直到结构封顶全程参与了哈利法塔的设计和施工，这促使笔者对哈利法塔进行了深入的监测研究，并开发了实时结构健康监测系统来验证在设计和施工期间做出的计算假设。由162层上部结构和3层地下室组成的哈利法塔高度达828m，为目前世界上最高的人造建筑。对上部结构体系和基础体系进行了简要介绍，并研究了实时结构健康监测方案的进展情况以及结构参数的预测值和实测值对比，为保密起见，一些实测数据在文中并未详述。结构健康监测方案包括：1)监控塔的基础体系；2)监测地基沉降；3)测量施工过程中和施工完成后巨柱和剪力墙的应变和压缩变形；4）实时测量塔的侧向位移和在施工期间的动力响应特性；5)测量施工期间建筑物在风荷载、地震激励等作用下的侧向位移；6)测量建筑物位移、加速度、动力特性和使用期间的结构性能；7)监测顶部小塔楼的动力特性和疲劳特性。在哈利法塔建设过程中采用的结构健康监测方案是未来的发展模式,随着结构健康监测领域的不断发展，将会出现融合最新设备及IT先进技术的结构健康监测系统。［关键词］哈利法塔; 结构健康检测系统（SHM）; 全球卫星定位系统（GPS）; 实时监控; 柱压缩变形; 测斜仪; 风工程管理; 重力荷载管理中图分类号：TU973 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1002-848X(2014)05-0087-11作者简介：Ahmad Abdelrazaq, 硕士，三星C&T公司高层及复杂建筑部执行副总裁，从事高层建筑和大跨建筑的结构设计，混凝土结构、钢结构和混合结构中创新性结构体系研究以及超高层建筑的设计与风振激励响应的动力反应控制，Email：a.abdelrazaq@samsung.com。Validating the structural behavior and response of Burj Khalifa: Full scale structural health monitoring programsAhmad Abdelrazaq（Highrise & Complex Building, Samsung C&T, Seoul, Korea）Abstract: A new generation of tall and complex buildings reflects the latest developments in materials, design, sustainability, construction, and IT technologies. While complicaed design can be managed through advances in structural analysis tools and software, ultimately the design of these buildings still relies on minimum code requirements that are yet to be validated in full scale. The involvement of the author in the design and construction of Burj Khalifa from inception until completion prompted the author to develop an extensive survey and real-time structural health monitoring program to validate the assumptions made during the development of the design and construction planning of the tower. At 828m, Burj Khalifa is the world’s tallest man made structure, composed of 162 floors above grade and 3 basement levels. A brief description of the structural and foundation system of the tower was provided and the development of the survey and real-time structural health monitoring programs (SHMP) was discussed. Correlation between the predicted and actual measured structural behavior was also discussed, however, because of confidentiality the actual measured data cannot be disclosed at this time. The SHM included: 1) monitoring the tower’s foundation system; 2) monitoring the foundation settlement; 3) measuring the column/wall strains and shortening during and after construction; 4) real time measuring of the tower lateral displacement and dynamic characteristics during construction; 5) measuring the building lateral movement under lateral loads (wind, seismic) during construction; 6) measuring the building displacements, accelerations, dynamic characteristics, and structural behavior during service life; 7) monitoring the pinnacle dynamic behavior and fatigue characteristics. While the SHMP developed for Burj Khalifa is a futuristic model at the time of its development, this field is constantly evolving and a new generation of SHM systems will emerge that uses the latest technological advances in devices and IT technologies.Keywords: Burj Khalifa; structural health monitoring(SHM) system; global positioning system(GPS); real time monitoring; column shortening; tiltmeter; wind engineering management; gravity load management参考文献［1］ABDELRAZAQ A. Design and construction planning of the Burj Khalifa, Dubai[C]//Process of ASCE Structures Congress, 2010:12-14.[2]BROWNJOHN J M, PAN T C, DENG X. Correlating dynamic characteristics from field measurements and numerical analysis of a high rise building [J]. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 2000, 29(4): 523-543.[3]BROWNJOHN J M, PAN T C. Response of a tall building to long distance earthquakes \[J\]. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 2001, 30(5):709-729.[4]KIJEWSKI-CORREA T, YOUNG B, BAKER W F, et al. Full-scale validation of finite element models for tall buildings [C]//Process CTBUH.Chicago, 2005.[5]Full-scale validation of the wind-induced response of tall buildings: updated findings from the Chicago monitoring project[C]//Proceedings of Americas Conference on Wind Engineering. Baton Rouge, LA, 2003.[6]NI Y Q, XIA Y, CHEN W H, et al. Monitoring of wind properties and dynamic responses of a supertall structure during typhoon periods[C]//Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Structural Health Monitoring and Intelligent Infrastructure. Zurich, 2009:22-24.[7]NI Y Q, XIA Y, LIAO W Y, et al. Technology innovation in developing the structural health monitoring system for Guangzhou New TV Tower[J].Structural Control and Health Monitoring, 2009, 16(1):73-98.
