RC框架结构楼梯震害的试验研究及有限元分析*
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（中国建筑科学研究院工程抗震研究所， 北京 100013）［摘要］汶川地震中楼梯间破坏严重，使得楼梯震害成为抗震设计中的一个热门研究课题。按照传统方法设计、制作了1/3缩尺的单层框架结构楼梯间模型，并对其进行了低周反复荷载试验。描述了楼梯间结构的破坏形态，再现了楼梯间的震害规律，分析了承载力骨架曲线、刚度退化、结构延性与耗能性能。试验结果表明，楼梯在整个弹塑性变形中提供了明显的支承力，其抗侧刚度不可忽略，且在楼梯间开裂后其耗能性能变化不大。最后还采用MSC.MARC有限元软件对试验模型进行了数值模拟分析，从裂缝开展、塑性铰形成机制及承载力骨架曲线几个方面与试验结果进行了对比，对比结果表明，有限元模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好。［关键词］框架结构; 楼梯; 低周反复荷载试验; 楼梯震害; 有限元分析中图分类号：TU375.4 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1002-848X(2014)05-0012-05Experimental research and finite element analysis on seismic damage for staircases of RC frame structuresXiao Jiang, Yin Baojiang, Cheng Shaoge, Zhao Xiangli(Institute of Earthquake Engineering, China Academy of Building Research, Beijing 100013, China)Abstract: Staircases, which suffered serious damage in the Wenchuan Earthquake, have become a hot topic for seismic design. A 1/3 scale staircase model, which was designed and constructed by traditional method, was set in a one-story RC frame structure to carry out the low-cyclic reversed loading test. The failure mode of staircases was represented and the damage law of staircases was reappeared. Skeleton curve of bearing capacity, stiffness degradation, ductility and dissipation capacity of the model were analyzed. Results indicate that the staircases provide certain supporting force during the elasto-plastic deformation and its lateral stiffness should not be disregarded. The dissipation capacity of the model changes little after staircases crack. In the end, finite element software MSC. MARC was used to simulate the experimental model. The simulation results such as crack development, plastic hinge mechanism and skeleton curve of the finite element model agree very well with the experimental data.Keywords: frame structure; staircase; low-cyclic reversed loading test; seismic damage of staircase; finite element analysis*住房和城乡建设部支持项目(2009-k2-17)，中国建筑科学研究院基金项目(20080122330730006)。作者简介：肖疆，硕士，助理工程师，Email：tmgcxj@sina.com。参考文献［1］尹保江,黄世敏，程绍革，等.汶川地震中建筑楼梯震害原因分析［M］//汶川地震建筑震害调查与灾后重建分析报告.北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2008.［2］中国建筑科学研究院.2008年汶川地震建筑震害图片集［M］.北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2008.［3］罗开海，王亚勇，左琼.地震作用下钢筋混凝土框架结构中楼梯构件的影响效果分析［J］.建筑结构，2011,41（11）：88-93，136.［4］吴小宾，冯远，熊耀清，等.带楼梯框架结构静力推覆分析及弹塑性性能研究［J］.建筑结构，2011,41（3）：31-35.［5］冯远，吴小宾，李从春，等.现浇楼梯对框架结构的抗震影响分析与设计建议［J］.土木工程学报，2010,43（10）：53-62.［6］GB 50011—2001建筑抗震设计规范［S］.北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2001.［7］GB 50010—2002混凝土结构设计规范［S］.北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2002.［8］陆新征，叶列平，缪志伟，等.建筑抗震弹塑性分析——原理、模型与在ABAQUS，MSC.MARC和SAP2000上的实践［M］.北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2009.
